3D?printed, patient?specific intracranial aneurysm models: From clinical data to flow experiments with endovascular devices

Purpose Flow models of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) can be used to test new and existing endovascular treatments with flow modulation devices (FMDs). Additionally, 4D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the ability measure hemodynamics. This way, effect FMDs determined noninvasively compared patient data. Here, we describe a cost-effective method for producing efficiency MRI. Methods The were based on human radiological data (internal carotid basilar arteries) printed in 3D stereolithography. three different printing layers (25, 50, 100 µm thickness). To evaluate vitro, rotational angiography, time-of-flight MRI, MRI employed. geometry one model vivo Two (FMD1 FMD2) deployed into two IA models, was estimated by Results Models layer thicknesses exhibited similar little geometric variation. mean spatial difference between vessel measured vitro 0.7 ± 1.1 mm. main features, such as vortices IAs, reproduced. velocities (mean velocity magnitude: 5.4 7.6 7.7 8.6 cm/s, maximum 72.5 55.1 cm/s). By deploying FMDs, reduced IAs (from 8.3 10 4.3 9.32 cm/s FMD1 9.9 12.1 2.1 5.6 FMD2). Conclusions presented allows produce neurovascular approx. 15 30 h. resulting found geometrically accurate, reproducing patterns, suitable implanting well